J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg 2008; 34(5): 509~517
THE EFFECT OF GENETIC VARIATION IN THE DNA BASE REPAIR GENES ON
THE RISK OF HEAD AND NECK CANCER
Jung-Hwan Oh, Byung-Wook Yoon, Byung-Jun Choi
© Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. All rights reserved.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
 Abstract
DNA damage accumulates in cells as a result of exposure to exogenous agents such as benzopyrene, cigarette smoke, ultraviolet light, X-ray, and
endogenous chemicals including reactive oxygen species produced from normal metabolic byproducts. DNA damage can also occur during aberrant
DNA processing reactions such as DNA replication, recombination, and repair. The major of DNA damage affects the primary structure of the double
helix; that is, the bases are chemically modified. These modification can disrupt the molecules’regular helical structure by introducing non-native
chemical bonds or bulky adducts that do not fit in the standard double helix.
DNA repair genes and proteins scan the global genome to detect and remove DNA damage and damage to single nucleotides. Direct reversal of
DNA damage, base excision repair, double strand break. DNA repair are known relevant DNA repair mechanisms. Four different mechanisms are distinguished
within excision repair: direct reversal, base excision repair, nucleotide excision repair, and mismatch repair.
Genetic variation in DNA repair genes can modulate DNA repair capacity and alter cancer risk. The instability of a cell to properly regulate its proliferation
in the presence of DNA damage increase risk of gene mutation and carcinogenesis.
This article aimed to review mechanism of excision repair and to understand the relationship between genetic variation of excision repair genes and
head and neck cancer.
Keywords: DNA damage, DNA repair gene, Genetic variation, Head and Neck Cancer.

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