Comparison of factors involved in third molar extraction under intravenous moderate sedation in cases stratified according to the sedative used
| Before PSM (n=185) | After PSM (n=150) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total (n=185) | MDZ (n=103) | DEX (n=82) | MDZ (n=75) | DEX (n=75) | |||
| Vital sign outlier (n) | |||||||
| Heart rate | 66 (35.7) | 48 (46.6) | 18 (22.0) | 0.0011,* | 37 (49.3) | 17 (22.7) | 0.0011,* |
| SBP | 11 (5.9) | 8 (7.8) | 3 (3.7) | 0.3513 | 6 (8.0) | 3 (4.0) | 0.4943 |
| DBP | 28 (15.1) | 16 (15.5) | 12 (14.6) | 0.8651 | 12 (16.0) | 12 (16.0) | >0.9991 |
| Heart rate (BPM) | |||||||
| T0 | 74.22±16.37 | 76.78±16.17 | 71.01±16.16 | 0.0172,* | 74.75±14.37 | 71.19±16.23 | 0.1572 |
| T1 | 72.04±19.43 | 79.41±19.63 | 62.78±14.70 | 0.0002,* | 78.65±18.50 | 62.76±14.67 | 0.0002,* |
| T2 | 80.13±18.98 | 86.21±19.53 | 72.49±15.22 | 0.0002,* | 85.07±17.32 | 72.75±15.49 | 0.0002,* |
| T3 | 86.82±18.71 | 95.89±17.71 | 75.41±12.81 | 0.0002,* | 93.88±14.96 | 75.89±12.91 | 0.0002,* |
| T4 | 84.51±19.08 | 94.63±17.07 | 71.79±12.90 | 0.0002,* | 92.89±15.87 | 72.05±13.12 | 0.0002,* |
| SBP (mmHg) | |||||||
| T0 | 134.05±20.34 | 134.37±19.92 | 133.66±20.30 | 0.8122 | 133.35±18.44 | 134.08±19.24 | 0.8122 |
| T1 | 133.71±20.59 | 133.83±19.96 | 133.57±21.48 | 0.9352 | 134.15±19.28 | 133.89±20.54 | 0.9382 |
| T2 | 136.01±23.99 | 138.61±24.18 | 132.73±23.48 | 0.0972 | 139.43±23.87 | 133.32±22.50 | 0.1092 |
| T3 | 135.42±20.90 | 140.72±19.70 | 128.76±20.58 | 0.0002,* | 139.83±19.09 | 129.68±19.46 | 0.0022,* |
| T4 | 133.97±22.73 | 140.12±20.77 | 126.24±22.85 | 0.0002,* | 138.99±19.84 | 126.24±21.74 | 0.0002,* |
| DBP (mmHg) | |||||||
| T0 | 77.03±12.25 | 75.46±12.33 | 79.00±11.92 | 0.0492,* | 76.33±11.92 | 78.92±11.32 | 0.1752 |
| T1 | 74.76±12.64 | 72.30±12.10 | 77.84±12.69 | 0.0032,* | 73.40±11.49 | 77.59±11.79 | 0.0292,* |
| T2 | 72.50±13.01 | 71.38±13.58 | 73.90±12.18 | 0.1852 | 72.65±13.79 | 73.47±11.26 | 0.6932 |
| T3 | 68.83±12.69 | 69.72±12.75 | 67.71±12.60 | 0.2852 | 70.72±12.83 | 67.67±12.50 | 0.1382 |
| T4 | 70.95±13.56 | 72.71±14.55 | 68.74±11.92 | 0.0432,* | 74.15±15.09 | 68.51±11.11 | 0.0102,* |
| Cost (USD)4 | 13.18±14.39 | 0.37±0.04 | 29.27±0.00 | 0.0002,* | 0.37±0.04 | 29.27±0.00 | 0.0002,* |
| OAAS | 4.43±0.68 | 4.47±0.73 | 4.38±0.62 | 0.3842 | 4.53±0.68 | 4.37±0.63 | 0.1392 |
| Amnesia | 1.21±1.17 | 1.26±1.18 | 1.15±1.16 | 0.5042 | 1.16±1.21 | 1.17±1.16 | 0.9452 |
| Satisfaction | 4.14±1.14 | 4.20±1.14 | 4.06±1.15 | 0.4002 | 4.16±1.20 | 4.01±1.17 | 0.4492 |
| BIS | |||||||
| T0 | 92.46±4.75 | 92.10±4.85 | 92.91±4.61 | 0.2442 | 91.71±4.59 | 92.65±4.66 | 0.1022 |
| T1 | 82.76±6.36 | 80.46±5.10 | 85.66±6.61 | 0.0002,* | 80.63±5.30 | 85.41±6.55 | 0.0002,* |
| T2 | 85.41±6.52 | 82.47±5.33 | 89.11±6.00 | 0.0002,* | 82.23±5.56 | 89.47±5.69 | 0.0002,* |
| T3 | 84.84±6.00 | 84.09±4.85 | 85.79±7.11 | 0.0662 | 84.53±4.87 | 85.77±6.69 | 0.1972 |
| T4 | 86.07±5.98 | 86.17±5.61 | 85.94±6.43 | 0.7942 | 86.27±5.90 | 85.71±6.45 | 0.5802 |
(PSM: propensity score matching, MDZ: midazolam, DEX: dexmedetomidine, SBP: systolic noninvasive blood pressure, DBP: diastolic noninvasive blood pressure, BPM: beats per minute, T0: the moment right before sedative administration, T1: 5 minutes after sedative administration, T2: the time of injection of the local anesthetic agent, T3: 20 minutes after local anesthesia, T4: the time of the start of the primary closure, USD: US dollar, OAAS: Observer’s Assessment of Alertness/Sedation Scale, BIS: bispectral index score)
1Pearson’s chi-square test. 2Student’s
4Including the cost of opioid analgesics.
*
Values are presented as number (%) or mean±standard deviation.